Project Report Alum Synthesis - 926 Words

Title: Alum synthesis Author Information: Alexis Luevano-Yatarola*, Francine Herreros, Chemistry 111/112, section 531 Introduction: In today’s society the amount of Aluminum consumed is not completely recognized most of society only tends to think of aluminum cans, however aluminum is in a wide range of everyday products such as car parts, jets, and in household products in which we use everyday. Due to the large amounts of aluminum used and consumed daily recycling the material is a very important aspect, especially when dealing with cost and energy consumption. The main focus of this lab was to take aluminum cans and chemically turn it into alum, which in turn can be used to remake aluminum products which is a better cost and energy†¦show more content†¦Once the Alum crystals had dried they were weighed on a watch glass in which was weighed out to 0.0001 grams before weighing was done. After all the Alum crystals were collected everything was properly disposed of in the proper containers and the station was cleaned. Results and Discussion: The first process of the experiment was when 1.0545 grams of the pieces of aluminum cans were mixed with potassium hydroxide to form the products potassium aluminum sulfate and water. The equation shown below is the unbalanced version Al(s)+KOH(aq)+H2O(l)KAl(OH)4(aq)+H2(g) .The new balanced equation was 2Al(s)+2KOH(aq)+6H2O(l)2KAl(OH)4(aq)+3H2(g). The reaction shown above is a redox reaction due to the transfer of electrons from one element to another.The aluminum was oxidized from 0 to 3+ and the hydrogen in potassium hydroxide was reduced from 1+ to 0. As the reaction was being completed a gas was formed as well as a color change in the liquids used. In order to speed up the reaction a hot plate was used. All of this was done under a fume hood to make sure none of the gases formed was in the air. The next chemical process in the experiment was when the 20 mL of sulfuric acid was added to the solution. The balanced equation is 2KAl(OH)4(aq)+H2SO4(aq)2Al(OH) 3(s)+K2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l) but the total ionic equation is what was used which was Al(OH)4-(aq)+H+(aq)Al(OH)3(s)+H2O(l). The reaction shown was an acid-baseShow MoreRelatedNatural Dyes11205 Words   |  45 Pagesmay be dyed before spinning (dyed in the wool), but most textiles are yarn-dyed or piece-dyed after weaving. Many natural dyes require the use of chemicals called mordants to bind the dye to the textile fibers; tannin from oak galls, salt, natural alum, vinegar, and ammonia from stale urine were used by early dyers. Many mordants, and some dyes themselves, produce strong odors, and large-scale dyeworks were often isolated in their own districts. Throughout history, people have dyed their textilesRead MoreSecurity Issues and Principles Research Paper6107 Words   |  25 Pagessoftware code is sometimes known as a watermark. Recently revived, this formerly obsolete term gained currency in its day (1500) from a work by Johannes Trithemius, Steganographia, ostensibly a system of angel magic but also claiming to include a synthesis of how to learn and know things contained within a system of cryptography. The book was privately circulated but never published by the author because those who read it found it rather fearsome. Special software is needed for steganography, and thereRead MoreThe Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels13647 Words   |  55 PagesCERTIFICATION This project report is certified by the supervisor and approved by the head of department of chemical engineering. Supervisor: HOD: Date: Date: DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to God Almighty, the Source of all wisdom, to him glory and honour be forever Amen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my profound gratitude to all my lecturers, especially the Head of Department (HOD) ChemicalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSingapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art

Different Ideologies in Marx and Engels Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto Communism movements were revolutionary or proletarian movements that were inspired by the ideas of Marxism concerning the social inequality that was a major concern in the 19th century. These revolutions aimed at replacing the then dominant capitalist era with socialism. Communism was driven by the ideas of Marx and suggested that the workers of the world were to be united and free themselves from the capitalist oppression, and this was to create a world run by the working class (Marx, Philip and Friedrich, 5). The communist revolution was first documented as a party’s manifesto that was a revolutionary party slogan and had great influence in the world. Both Marx and Engels described the situations of the nature of†¦show more content†¦This revealed the abrasive and unbalanced relationship in the leadership patterns as the capitalist did everything to make sure they dominated the ruling regimes. Conflicts were in every form expressed to be dominant. The communist manifesto revealed one of the major reasons as to why there were a lot of conflicts in the world in the pre-revolutionary times. It gave a bright idea on the cause of historically sensitive conflict scenarios in the past. People struggled to fight back the capitalist who were much stronger for their wealth safeguarded their interests in the capital world. A lot of properties were taken from the people who were the masterminds of their creation and existence. And the only political movement, which came up with an idea on how to abandon the trend and abolish the feudal property ownership, was the communist. They suggested that all property relations in the past have been subjected to great historical change, which was a consequent of the change in the historical condition (Green and Michael, 155). Marx and Engel suggested that there was need to distribute wealth equally as a means of socially empowering the slaves, workers and the peasants who were snatched from (Weeks, 216). As the past history reveals, the labor of the workers was not used to help them improve their social status but rather to theShow MoreRelatedThe Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The Manifesto of the Communist party is a book written in 1847, by a group of radical workers part the â€Å"Communist League.† Including the radical workers, the group comprised of Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels. They met in London to write a manifesto on their behalf, which would be famously known as the Communist Manifesto. Marx was the principle author, while Engels was mainly focused on editing and assisting. The Communist Manifesto was originally published in London in 1848. TheRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto1044 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx published The Communist Manifesto, the ideas of a stateless and classless society would inspire many, and forge the path that many nations would follow, and give rise to numerous conflicts throughout the 20th century. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany on May 5th 1818. During his early years he studied philosophy and law, in 1834 Marx had moved to Paris and had adopted a radical view of socialism known as communism. Marx met and became friends with a man named Friedrich Engels, whoRead MoreTyranny And The Social Wellbeing Of Citizens1750 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the French Revolution, the vast majority of political and philosophical thinkers concerned themselves at some point with the issue of tyranny in society. Such writers spanned from Alexis de Tocqueville, to John Stuart Mill, to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The interpretations and approaches taken to the subject of tyranny and how to protect against it, though, were as varied as the collection of authors who addressed it. From de Tocqueville’s stringent observations in Democracy in AmericaRead MoreCommunism: A Theory Or System Of Social Organization Based1597 Words   |  7 Pagescommon, with actual ownership being ascri bed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary.com). Communism is the ideology that abolishes all private property, and claims to abolish all social classes. The Communist Manifesto was a publication written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in 1847 and published in 1848. It was written to provide the platform of the Communist Party. Their intention in writing it was to convince all the people that composed the proletariat class that Communism wasRead MoreWhy Marx s Social Theory Place So Much Emphasis On Class Conflict And The Economic Aspects Of Society? Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes Marx s social theory place so much emphasis on class conflict and the economic aspects of society? Karl Marx is one of the most influential and revolutionary philosopher, economist and sociologist of the 19th century. His thoughts not only shaped our understandings of the capitalistic world but also created a new system of social organization, communism. His ideology also defined the key political figures of the cold war period such as Stalin, Mao and Castro. Without Marx, theRead MoreMarx And Engels s Critique And Critique Of Capitalism1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe specialised critique of capitalism found in the Communist Manifesto (written by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels), provides a basis for the analysis and critique of the capitalist system. Marx and Engels wrote about economical in relation to the means or mode of production, ideology, alienation and most fundamentally, class relations (particularly between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat). Collectively, these two men created the theory of Marxism. There are multiple critiques of Marxism thatRead MoreInfl uence Of Communist Manifesto Written By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels901 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyses the depth of Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The book demonstrates an ideology which was completely different from the socio and political concepts prevailed at that time. This text provides an implicit picture of the social and cultural changes in 1950s Europe. According to Hunt et al (2012), Communist Manifesto was one the most influential text that changed the ideology of people and manipulated the political changes to form a social and communist state in some superRead MoreKarl Marx s Influence On Society1423 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx may be regarded as one of the most influential thinkers and his views on how society functions have shaped the development of socialist and economic theories. Political philosophers have developed a variety of enlightened ideologies depicting how governments and societies are organized over the course of hist ory. Marx’s influence by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel would lead to Marx’s view of history known as historical materialism, â€Å"Life is not determined by consciousness, but consciousnessRead MoreThe Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels831 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 4, 2015 COMM 8200 Analysis of The Communist Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe--the spectre of Communism. The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory behind the movement. Marx sees all of Europe allied against the idea of communism and consistently demonizes it and its followers. This caused the Communists to assemble in London and create this Manifesto in order to make their views public and clarifiedRead MoreMarx and Engels on Capitalism: Opponents or Proponents?2438 Words   |  10 Pages Marx and Engels on Capitalism: Opponents or Proponents? Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels have historically been considered to be two of the more outgoing opponents of capitalism; however, a closer reading of some of their works, particularly The Communist Manifesto, reveals a different circumstance. David Miller, a modern scholar who addresses Marx’s position on capitalism, stakes the claim that â€Å"[The Communist Manisfesto], somewhat oddly, it may seem, for a revolutionary tract, celebrates capitalism

Class Structure of the United States free essay sample

This paper looks at the distribution of wealth between the rich and poor in the United States. This paper pays special attention to the division of wealth among the different segments of the population in the United States. The author presents data to support his supposition that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The middle class, according to this author, has suffered the greatest losses over the last generation. Some of the topics discussed in this paper include how corporate greed has impacted on the distribution of wealth, what has caused the rate of poverty in America to grow at an unparalleled rate and how the tax structure affects the huge gap between haves and have-nots. The author offers some suggestions to the problem and points out what economic changes need to be made in order to correct this growing problem. America today houses more rich people than ever before and the gap between the rich and poor is rising. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Structure of the United States or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But is it fair to resent the rich because of this? In the United States, advancement is supposedly based on merit and everyone has an equal opportunity. (Reiman) Bill Gates is so far up on the financial ladder because he seized opportunities and used his brains to get ahead. Michael Jordon developed an extraordinary skill that enabled him to make millions playing sports. These are the cases that the rich might want to showcase. But the fact remains that in the United States, opportunities are not genuinely equal. Governments need to work harder to improve public education and ensure that it is open to all. However, researchers believe that even if the government did provide equal opportunities for everyone, the inequality of power would still maintain the inequality of wealth distribution. Power is often abused to raise prices and exclude competitors. This abuse of power gave rise to antitrust laws in America, as governments sought to restrain monopolies and cartels.

Choosing Your It Career Path free essay sample

Newtons First Law of Motion states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion until acted upon by an external force. This is true of careers as well, including yours. Where do you want your IT career to be in one year? Do you want to have earned several IT certifications in that time, therefore advancing your IT career? Or do you want to be in the exact same place you are today? The only person who can make this decision is you. Moreover, I can speak from experience that when you begin putting your career into motion the possibilities are unlimited. However, you have to get started – today. Information Technology is everyone’s business, because the more flexible you are on the Personal Computer (PC) or post PC devices, the better your ability to tap information from the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Choosing Your It Career Path or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page IT is what is modernizing and updating every branch of knowledge. Tell me your discipline and I will recommend a software or websites that will make your discipline look simpler. Therefore, people should partly aspire to pursue a career in IT. Before going around asking experts on what IT career path to take or what IT certification to pursue, first the only person you should ask that question is yourself. Whether you want to start an IT career or jumpstart your current one, make the decision to move forward in your career and then follow through on that decision. Because the goal of getting a job is less important than the goal of getting a job that you like. You have to have passion for whatever you are doing. If not, you will not do it very well. So try to get a job that you like, pay the whole of your attention on it and then allow nature to take its course. Also, the passion that led you to a particular field in IT is important, because employers will ask you why you decided to choose a particular field in IT as they are looking for people with natural excitement about starting a career in a particular field in IT. Other than the obvious passion for computers and technology, salary and job growth potential are excellent reasons to consider computer careers. Diversity of computer skills adds to marketability in the workforce. A lawyer that is a Microsoft Certified Professional will benefit more internationally than a lawyer without an MCP. Likewise, a medical doctor that is SQL or Oracle certified will have a better outlook globally than a doctor without any IT certification. Many employers do not have time to train workers on basic skills and expect employees to be more than familiar with computers. If you have an aptitude or interest in math, science or art, and have strong problem solving and analytical skills, you are a perfect candidate for a computer related career. Computer careers can be a solitary work, but often require good communication skills. IT personnel must know how to relay information to clients and co-workers in order to maintain order and efficiency in the system. Computer education is available in many varieties; from certifications, certificate programs, associate degree programs, bachelor’s and even masters degree programs. Many professionals receive degrees in computer science and related fields, but still cannot produce in the local and international IT markets. Therefore, they are required to have specific certifications (for example MCSE-Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer, CCNA or MCSA-Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator) and some hands-on experience to fit in. In fact, it is better to have a good hands-on experience without having the certifications than having the certifications without knowing the equipment. Companies are more likely to employ candidates with years of experience on Cisco equipment without a certification than candidates with CCNA but lack hands- on experience. The acceptance of computers in business has created a great demand for IT professionals. Almost every industry has a need for IT professional for marketing, client retention and daily operations. Industries such as banking, insurance, hospitals and utilities absolutely rely on them. The information age has created a wealth of career opportunities for computer specialists, elevating their status as knowledgeable professionals and compensating them well financially. If you are a computer specialist, or would like to become one, a career in the IT profession can be obtained in less than a year of study with the current spring of various IT certifications. Certification is recognition given to individuals who have met predetermined qualifications set by an agency of government, industry, or profession. Certification provides verification of individual’s knowledge and experience through evaluation and approval based on a set of standards for specific profession or occupation’s functional job levels. Each certification is designed to stand on its own, and represents a certified individual’s mastery of a particular set of knowledge and skills.

Whales Essays - Biota, Baleen Whales, Megafauna, Apex Predators

Whales Blue Whales The Blue whale is the largest creature of the sea; in fact, it's the largest creature known to man. Contrary to what most people think, even though Blue whales live in the sea, they are mammals. They breathe air, have their babies born alive, and can live anywhere from 30 to 70 years. The Blue whale is a baleen whale, and instead of having teeth, Blue whales have around 300-400 baleen plates in their mouths. Baleen are rows of coarse, bristle-like fibers used to strain plankton from the water. Baleen is made of keratin, the same material as our fingernails. The Blue whale is called a ?rorqual?, a Norwegian word for ?furrow? referring to the pleated grooves running from its chin to its naval. The pleated throat grooves allow the Blue whale's throat to expand during the huge intake of water during filter feeding; they can ?hold 1,000 tons or more of food and water when fully expanded? (Small 1971). They average about 50-70 throat grooves. Blue whales grow up to about 80 fee t (25m) long on average, weighing about 120 tons. The females are generally larger than the males, this is the case for all baleen whales. ?The largest specimen found was a female 94 feet (29m) long weighing more than 174 tons? (Satchell 1998). The head of the Blue whale forms up to a quarter of the total body length. Compared with other rorquals, the head is very broad. The blue whale heart is also large, the size of a small car and can pump almost 10 tons of blood throughout the body. They also have a very small, falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsal fin that is located near the fluke, or tail. Blue whales have long, thin flippers 8 feet (2.4m) long and flukes that are 25feet (7.6m) wide. The blue whale's skin is usually blue-gray with white-gray spots. The underbelly has brown, yellow, or gray specks. During the winter, in cold waters, diatoms stick to the underbelly, giving it a yellow to silver- to sulfur-colored sheen; giving the blue whale its nick-name of ?sulfur bottoms?. Other na mes include Sibbald's Rorqual and Great Northern Rorqual. Blue whales (like all baleen whales) are seasonal feeders and carnivores that filter feed tiny crustaceans (krill, copepods, etc), plankton, and small fish from the water. Krill, or shrimp-like euphasiids are no longer than 3 inches. It is amazing that the world's largest animals feed on the smallest marine life. Blue whales are gulpers, filter feeders that alternatively swim, then gulp a mouthful of plankton or fish. ?An average-sized blue whale will eat 2,000-9,000 pounds (900- 4100kg) of plankton each day during the summer feeding season in cold, arctic waters (120 days)? (Hasley 1984). The blue whale has twin blowholes with exceptionally large fleshy splashguards to the front and sides. It has about 320 pairs of black baleen plates with dark gray bristles in the blue whale's jaws. These plates can be 35-39 inches (90cm-1m) long, 21 inches (53cm) wide, and weigh 200 pounds (90kg). The tongue weighs 4 tons. Blue whales live individually or in very small pods (groups). They frequently swim in pairs. When the whale comes to the surface of the water, it takes a large breath of air. Then it dives back into the water, going to a depth of 350 feet (105m). Diving is also the way in which whales catch most of their food. Whales can stay under water for up to two hours without coming to the surface for more air. Blue whales breath air at the surface of the water through 2 blowholes located near the top of the head. ? They breathe about 1-4 times per minute at rest, and 5-12 times per minute after a deep dive? (Hasley 1984) Their blow is a single stream that rises 40-50 feet (12-15m) above the surface of the water. They are also very fast swimmers; they normally swim 3-20 mph, but can go up to 24-30mph in bursts when in danger. Feeding speeds are slower, usually about 1-4mph. The whales emit very loud, highly structured, repetitive low-frequency sounds that can travel form many miles underwater. They are probab ly the loudest animals alive, louder than a jet

The Figure of W.T. Sherman in essays

The Figure of W.T. Sherman in essays Through the veil of time, the Civil War has come to mean many things. For some, it was a war to free the slaves-for others, it was a matter of patriotism under the fist of tyranny. However, to concede to either of these explanations as the sole correct answer is an over simplification of grotesque proportions. To uncover the real meaning of the war, it is necessary to view all aspects of the conflict exactly as they were and not pander to the fickle nature of memory and remembrance. To William T. Sherman, the war was not about slaves, or cotton, or even states rights-it was about righting a wrong of epic magnitude. The South, through insurrection had shattered the union, and that sort of criminal act could not stand if the nation were to survive and prosper. Sherman understood the war best because he cut past all the political window dressing to the bare facts: Southerners and Northerners are really no different and Secession is essentially chaos. To end the war was to put do wn the rebellion and re-establish order among a common people. Early in him memoirs, Sherman dispels the myth of a war fought for slavery. While he was still employed as an instructor at the Louisiana Seminary of Learning and Military Academy, Sherman attended a dinner at the Governors mansion, during which he states, " I would deem it wise to bring the legal condition of slave more near the status of human beings under all Christian and civilized governments". And whats more, the men agree with him and debate the point in support of giving slaves basic human rights. But the idea of freeing blacks is not breached in that discussion in fact, prior to his admission, Sherman denounces the view that his brother, John, would ever sympathize with abolitionists in his political campaign. In the introduction to the his memoirs, Sherman is described as "stressing kindly paternalistic feelings for blacks" (xvi) but he never speaks of empowering them b...

Global Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Business Plan - Essay Example The political, legal and regulatory risks highlighted that the region has a stable and development oriented political scene, which is supported by the legal system in Canada. Moreover the regulations in the region are similar to the ones in US, making the low and favorable for investment. The exchange rate risks are low for the country is low as well as the currency of the country is quite stable. The competitive risks in the region however are high as there exists fierce competition amongst the local and the international business. The government has taken steps to lower this risk for investors. The distribution and supply chain risks highlighted that the middleman in the oil production sector who is responsible for transporting and dealing with manufacturers and distributor faces high level of risks. The physical and environmental risks are also high in Canada due to its extreme climate and the rocky terrain of the land which makes extraction and digging difficult and time consuming. Additionally the social risks in the region are also present which relate to the conflicts attitudes of the French speaking and the English speaking Canadians. The SWOT analysis of the Oilpec Inc Company was also performed which identified that the strengths of the Oilpec Inc pertained to its knowledge and experience in the field of distribution, marketing, exploration, storage and refining of oil. The weaknesses of the company pertained to the stigma that is related with the oil companies in the minds of the people and the rising prices of oil which creates hardships for people in the worked. The opportunities that are available to the company pertain to the fact that the company can keep its operations costs low and offer consumers in the market with oil at lower prices. The threats that are faced by the company however include the high level of competition in the industry. Rationale for Selecting the Country The rationale for selecting Canada as a prospective region for operations for the Oilpec Inc Company was based on the strategic and risk analysis of the region. This analysis provided that the economy of the region is a fast growing one which is supported by the incrementing Canadian dollar and the increased economic activity. Moreover in Canada there is no currency restrictions placed on the repatriation of funds. Thus, in some cases, the repatriation may have tax consequences. In Canada, exchange rates are stable, so a foreign company will avoid these risks The policies of the region specific to immigration have allowed the country to have access to skilled people resources. Additionally while the crude oil sector in the region has a competitive industry, this allows new companies to enter in the market as by lowering barriers to entry. Additionally the legal environment is favorable for international companies, as Canada is a US oriented country with strong cultural and economic relations with the USA partners. This enables businesses form the United States to establish them selves in Canada with relative ease. Marketing Mix and Marketing Plan The target markets for the products to be manufactured by Oilpec Inc include all oil consumers in the international market. There exists intense competition in the industry for exploration, manufacture and distribution of crude oil in Canada and this requires a unique marketing strategy for the product by Oilpec Inc. The company